Marketing Decision Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Marketing Decision Making - Essay Example Promotion is considered as one of the major elements of marketing mix and it possesses its own mix of communication tools. Advertising, direct marketing, sales promotion among others are some of the elements of IMC, these tools enable a company to implement its advertising and marketing objectives constructively through a coordinated approach. This paper seeks to discuss the basic elements of communication mix putting more emphasis on their pros and cons and how they influence an organizations ability to succeed in their marketing program. It will provide an overview of a promotional product that I created and how I intend to market it using the IMC approach. The rational that I will follow in choosing or rejecting specific elements of the integrated marketing mix will also be provided (Mossman, 2007). Advertising is any paid form of promotions that does not employ active participation of personal presentation to promote ideas, goods, or services through the use of a specific sponsor . Advertising uses a number of channels which include the print media, media broadcast through radios and television, outdoor advertising and other forms of non personal selling. Advertising is a promotional strategy that maintains the omnipresence nature of an organization by increasing its non personal availability to different people. Advertising is highly flexible as it allows a business to focus on a small and precise segment or a mass market depending on the intention of the advertising model. It is also highly cost effective as compared to other elements of market mix as it reaches a large number of target consumers at a lower cost per person (Chen, 2011). With advertising, the message is repeated severally to the consumers which allow them time to compare the product with others offered with other organizations. Dramatization captures the attention of the audience and creates a lasting impression on their minds, a feature that is only possible with advertising. Advertising c an also trigger quick sale and impulse buying among consumers which improves the impacts intended by the promotional strategy employed. However, advertising also have a number of disadvantages as compared to the other available elements of market mix. Feedback is an important aspect of promotion as it enables a business to repackage their product according to the consumer’s desires. Advertising has no room for any immediate feedback from consumers and is less persuasive when compared with the other elements of communication mix (Lichtenthal and Eliaz, 2003). Personal selling is a face to face interaction between the product promoter and the prospective consumers for the sole purpose of making presentation, answering any questions that may arise and finally procuring orders from the consumers. Personal selling is one of the most powerful elements of communication mix as they provide room for building customer relationship and long lasting business relations with the buyers. It provides the room for getting feedbacks from the consumers which allows for any adjustments on the products being marketed. Personal selling occurs in an environment where the consumers attention is fully captured increasing the possibility of getting a genuine response from them on how they view the products and the company. Despite the numerous advantages that personal selling posses, it is however an expensive means of product promotion

Cross-cultural Management Essay Example for Free

Cross-cultural Management Essay Culture could be defined as all the ways of life including traditions, religion, language, behaviors, arts and everything that creates identity to a country. In such a globalized world, where in most organizations we have people from the entire world, it is very important to know about cross-cultural management in order to understand people’s behavior and needs in order to avoid problems and have a pleasant and successful workplace. I chose to watch the movie ‘Lost in translation’, a 2003 American movie directed by Sofia Coppala. The film shows us what it is like to find ourselves in a completely different environment, culture. Gist of the movie: The movie focuses on issues such as loneliness, alienation and culture shock through the story of two Americans feeling lost in modern day Japan. One’s Bob Harris, an aging American movie star, who arrives in Tokyo to film an advertisement for a Japanese whisky brand. Apart from experiencing the culture shock he is also having a mid-life crisis and seems tired by his marriage which lacks emotions. Then there’s Charlotte, a young Yale graduate who comes here with her husband who is a photographer. She feels left alone by her partner who spends most of his time working, which makes her unsure of her marriage and life. The two eventually meet and together explore the differences in American and Japanese cultures. In the beginning of the movie, characters are portrayed in many situations, which make it clear that they are experiencing symptoms of culture shock. We see Bob Harris having problems with understanding and adjusting to the newfound conditions since his arrival in Tokyo, e.g. when he is greeted by almost every member of the hotel staff in which he stays and receives gifts and name cards from Japanese people. It is easily noticeable that he is not used to this kind of behavior, where as in the Japanese culture it marks high respect and gratitude to offer one’s business or visiting card on their first introductions. It is also indicated that he is an alien in this culture in one of the first scenes of the movie where in an elevator he is surrounded by natives significantly shorter than him. One of the reasons why newcomers feel uncomfortable in the host culture is the limited ability to communicate or complete lack of competence in speaking in a different language. Characters, especially Bob, have problems with communicating many times. One of the interesting and funny scenes was the first time during the shooting of the ad: The Director (with blue contact lenses) says a few long sentences in Japanese. TRANSLATOR, a middle-aged woman in a coordinated outfit, translates but it is only a short sentence now. TRANSLATOR He wants you to turn, look in camera and say the lines. Bob wonders what shes leaving out, or if thats the way it works from Japanese to English. BOB: Thats all he said? TRANSLATOR: Yes, turn to camera. Bob thinks lets just get it over with. BOB: Turn left or right? The Translator blots her face with a tissue, and asks the director in a Japanese sentence 5 times as long. The Director answers her in a long excited phrase. TRANSLATOR: Right side, and with intensity. BOB: Is that everything? It seemed like he was saying a lot more. The excited Director says more in Japanese. Translator nods in understanding. Bob doesnt really know whats going on. TRANSLATOR: Like an old friend, and into the camera. DIRECTOR (to Bob): Suntory Time! Here, Bob is aware of the translator’s incompetence and knows that the director said and asked him for a lot more. However, his linguistic incompetence does not allow him to fully interact and take part in the exchange of ideas. He is at the mercy of a translator not able to properly express herself in English. Another factor which contributes to experiencing culture shock is being unable to find the way or use public transport. In one of the scenes we can see Charlotte having those problems while standing in front of the Tokyo metro plan and staring at it with confusion. She seems to feel lost in the huge crowd but she has to deal with it alone since she has no friends with her and does not know the language. The feeling of loneliness is shown in the film in numerous scenes. It is most clearly visible when the characters are portrayed looking through the windows, giving the impression of being sad and absent. In the hotel room, on the back seat of a taxi they are always alone, separated from the busy city by glass. Their look may be called the far-away stare or the tropical stare, which is a sign of a serious culture shock. Another issue which does not make functioning in a different culture easy is food, which is very often unfamiliar. In a scene from the movie, Bob and Charlotte go for lunch. In the restaurant the waitress brings them drinks. She pours beer slowly, and turns on a pot on the table to cook their food. Charlotte looks at the menu as it is filled with photos of different trays of meat. The waitress doesnt speak English. CHARLOTTE: I cant tell the difference? They have trouble ordering, but point to a picture on the menu. BOB: Well have two of these. (He is forced to choose something randomly) Apart from the inability to distinguish between different dishes they also cannot communicate verbally with the waitress. None of them can speak Japanese and the restaurants employee does not know any English. In the final scenes of the movie, it is noticed that Bob is going through a certain stage of cultural shock i.e.; adjustment and appreciation. He found himself a friend, and seemed to like and appreciate his host culture. Back in the Presidential, alone, Bob leans against the little doily. They drive off. He looks out the window, Bobs happy hes going home, he’s happy he came to Tokyo. Since he was happy he came to Tokyo I assume that later he had some difficulties adjusting back to his own culture. Personally this movie helped me to learn a few modern day Japanese cultures. Also it depicts that no matter which country you choose to go, it’s always better to learn at least the basics of its language.

Solutions To Homelessness Essay -- Poverty Poor Homeless Essays

Solutions for Homelessness This great nation of awesome power and abundant resources is losing the battle against homelessness. The casualties can be seen on the street corners of every city in American holding an ?I will work for food? sign. Homeless shelters and rescue missions are at full capacity. There is no room at the inn for the nation?s indigent. Anyone who has studied this issue understands that homelessness is a complex problem. Communities continue to struggle with this socio-economic problem while attempting to understand its causes and implement solutions. The public and private sectors of this country are making a difference in the lives of the homeless by addressing the issues of housing, poverty and education. Many believe that a common thread among the homeless is a lack of permanent and stable housing. But beyond that, the factors leading to homelessness and the services that are needed are unique according to the individual. To put them into one general category ? the homeless- suggests that people are homeless for similar reasons and therefore a single solution is the answer. Every homeless person shares the basic needs of affordable housing, adequate incomes and attainable healthcare. But a wide range of other unmet needs cause some people to become or remain homeless which include drug treatment, employment training, transportation, childcare and mental health services (Center 8.) Presently, one of the main causes of homelessness in American is the lack of affordable housing. New York researchers claim that affordable housing is the answer to homelessness. Researcher, Mary Beth Shinn, states, ?homelessness is first and foremost a housing problem not a psychological one? (qtd. in Franklin 15.) Nearly all the families in their study became stably housed regardless of substance abuse, mental illness, physical illness or incarceration. This study indicates that homelessness is not a permanent condition. People do get themselves out of the problem when an intervention occurs to provide them with access to the housing market (NYU 2.) Without permanent housing, people are unable to keep jobs and are more likely to become ill. Permanent housing provides stability that enables them to find and retain employment with health benefits. Housing assistance can make the difference between stable housing, unstable housing or no housing... ...ue to be one of the greatest unsolved social problems of this era as long as there are limited resources to drug and alcohol treatment for this population. Works Cited Aiken, Kimberly. ?Hope for the Homeless.? Essence Oct 94: 152 Alcoholics Anonymous. New York: Alcoholics Anonymous World Services, 1976. Burger, Steve. ?The Truth About Homelessness.? 27 Nov 1999. http://www.iugm.org/families.html Baum, Alice and Donald Burnes. A Nation in Denial: The Truth About Homelessness. Boulder: Westview, l993. Christiansen, Elaine. ?The SRI Gallup Study of Recovery from Homelessness.? 27 Nov 1999 http://www.iugm.org/gallup.html/ Franklin, D. ?Homelessness is a Housing Problem.? Health Feb 92: 15. ?Helping People Off the Streets: Real Solutions to Urban Homelessness.? Center for Poverty Solutions. 25 June 00 http://www.ctrfor povertysolutions.org/public/campus.htm. Hess, Robert. ?Helping People Off the Streets.? USA Today Magazine Jan 2000: 18. Karinshak, Carole. ?Teaching Homeless Adults.? Adult Learning Sep 96: 28. Shinn, Marybeth. ?Housing is Best Cure for Homelessness.? New York Amsterdam News 12 Nov 1998: 6.

It 210 Week 7

1. 2 a. Input names of students from the user, terminated by †ZZZ†,0,0,0, and create a data file grades with records of the following form: student (String), test1 (Integer), test2 (Integer), test3 (Integer) Analysis Processes 1. Display Input student name and test scores screen 2. Prompt for Student name 3. Prompt scores 4. Perform calculations 5. Provide student names, scores and total Input 1. Student Name 2. Test Scores Output 1. Display Student name, scores and total Declare StudentName as string Declare Test1 as integer Declare Test2 as integer Declare Test3 as integer Open â€Å"GRADES† For Output As TestScoresSet Test1, Test2, Test3 = 0 Write â€Å"Enter students name and test scores. † Write â€Å"Enter ZZZ for students name when finished. † Input StudentName, Test1, Test2, Test3 While StudentName â€Å"ZZZ† Write TestScores, StudentName, Test1, Test2, Test3 Write â€Å"Enter students name and test scores. † Write â€Å"Enter Z ZZ for students name when finished. † Input StudentName, Test1, Test2, Test3 End While Close TestScores 2. Display the contents of the file GRADES created in Problem 1. Each student’s record should appear on a separate line and include the total score (the sum of the three tests) for that student.For example, a line of output might be as follows: R. Abrams 76 84 82 242 Declare Sum as integer Open â€Å"GRADES† For Input As TestScores While Not (TestScores) Read TestScores, StudentName, Test1, Test2, Test3 Add Test1 + Test2 + Test3 = Sum Write StudentName, â€Å" â€Å", Test1, Test2, Test3, Sum End While Close TestScores Declare Sum as integer Open â€Å"GRADES† For Input As TestScores While Not (TestScores) Read TestScores, Abrams, 76, 84,82, Add 76 + 84 + 82 = 242 Write â€Å"Abrams 84, 82, 76, 242† End While Close TestScores Expected Output: Abrams 76 84 82 242

Personal Statement: Who Am I?

Olivia in the dictionary, and you might find; noun, a female given name. From the Latin word olive. But this name doesn't define me. I could also tell you all the things I do; school, yearbook, HOSE President & Treasurer, but those don't define me either. I ask myself simple questions to find out who I really Am I the leader of a crowd, or a background follower? Do I direct groups or do I get directed? Am I the thinker or do I let others think for me? Am I part of the in- rood, or am I an outsider looking in?Who truly am l? To find the answer I look deep inside myself and discovered the truth. I am a uniquely defined Individual. I don't go to parties every weekend nor do I consider myself as weak minded. I am simply neutral in the world. I have friends of both sides of the spectrum and I feel free to talk to whomever I want regardless of what others around me think. I am bossy, and I personally hate people telling me what to do, I am a natural fighter. I fight for what I think Is rig ht, some may call me obelisks, but I keep the respect between adults and myself.The activities I listed above Just show that I am a hardworking-dedicated individual who doesn't quit at the first sign of trouble. I don't let the teacher who constantly looses my homework get me down; I Just work extra hard and redo all the work required of me. I am simply Olivia, and no one can take that away. People may tear me down emotionally but mentally I am stronger than anyone can Imagine. I am the girl defined by no one but her own standards, standards that continue to grow thicker every day.

Bony Fish Facts

Bony Fish Facts Most of the worlds fish species are categorized into two types: bony fish and cartilaginous fish. In simple terms, a bony fish (Osteichthyes)  is one whose skeleton is made of bone, while a cartilaginous fish (Chondrichthyes) has a  skeleton made of soft, flexible cartilage. A third type of fish, including eels and hagfish, is the group known as Agnatha, or jawless fish.   The cartilaginous fish include sharks,  skates,  and  rays.  Virtually all other fish fall into the class of bony fish which includes over 50,000 species. Fast Facts: Bony Fish Scientific Name: Osteichthyes, Actinopterygii, SacropterygiiCommon Names: Bony fish, ray-finned and lobe-finned fishesBasic Animal Group: FishSize: From below a half inch to 26 feet longWeight: Well under an ounce to 5,000 poundsLifespan: A few months to 100 years or longer  Diet:  Carnivore, Omnivore, HerbivoreHabitat: Polar, temperate, and tropical ocean waters as well as freshwater environmentsConservation Status: Some species are Critically Endangered and Extinct. Description All bony fishes have sutures in their neurocranium and segmented fin rays derived from their epidermis. Both bony fish and cartilaginous fish breathe through gills, but bony fish also have a hard, bony plate covering their gills. This feature is called an operculum. Bony fish may also have distinct rays, or spines, in their fins. And unlike cartilaginous fish, bony fish have swim or gas bladders to regulate their buoyancy. Cartilaginous fish, on the other hand, must swim constantly to stay afloat.     Mint Images/Getty Images Species Bony fish are considered to members of the class  Osteichthyes, which is subdivided into two main types of bony fish: Ray-finned fishes, or ActinopterygiiLobe-finned fishes, or Sarcopterygii, which includes the coelacanths and lungfishes. The subclass Sarcopterygii is made up of about 25,000 species, all characterized by the presence of enamel on their teeth. They have a central axis of bone that acts as a unique skeletal support for fins and limbs, and their upper jaws are fused with their skulls. Two major groups of fishes fit under the Sarcopterygii: the Ceratodontiformes (or lungfishes) and the Coelacanthiformes (or coelacanths), once thought to be extinct. Actinopterygii includes 33,000 species in 453 families. They are found in all aquatic habitats and range in body size from under a half inch to over 26 feet long. The Ocean sunfish weighs up to over 5,000 pounds. The members of this subclass have enlarged pectoral fins and fused pelvic fins.  Species include Chondroste, which are primitive ray-finned bony fishes; Holostei or Neopterygii, the intermediate ray-finned fishes like sturgeons, paddlefish, and bichirs; and Teleostei or Neopterygii, the advanced bony fishes such as herring, salmon, and perch.   Habitat and Distribution Bony fish can be found in waters all around the world, freshwater and saltwater both, unlike cartilagenous fish who are found only in salt waters.  Marine bony fish live in all the oceans, from shallow to deep waters, and in both cold and warm temperatures. Their lifespans range from a few months to over 100 years. An extreme example of bony fish adaptation is the Antarctic icefish, which lives in waters so cold that antifreeze proteins circulate through its body to keep it from freezing. Bony fish also comprise virtually all freshwater species living in lakes, rivers, and streams.  Sunfish, bass, catfish, trout, and pike are examples of bony fish, as are the freshwater tropical fish that you see in aquariums.   Other species of bony fish include: TunaAtlantic codRed lionfishGiant frogfishSeahorsesOcean sunfish Rodrigo Friscione/Getty Images Diet and Behavior A bony fishs prey depends on the species but may include plankton, crustaceans (e.g., crabs), invertebrates (e.g., green sea urchins), and even other fish. Some species of bony fish are virtual omnivores, eating all manner of animal and plant life.   Bony fish behavior varies greatly, depending on the  species. Smaller bony fish swim in schools for protection. Some like the tuna swim continually while others (stonefish and flatfish) spend most of their time lying on the seafloor. Some such as morays only hunt at night; some like butterfly fishes do so during the day; and others are most active at dawn and dusk.   Reproduction and Offspring Some bony fish are born sexually mature or become mature shortly after birth; most mature within the first one to five years. The main reproduction mechanism is external fertilization. During the spawning season, females release hundreds to thousands of eggs in the water, and males release sperm and fertilize the eggs. Not all bony fish do lay eggs: Some are live-bearing. Some are hermaphrodites (the same fish has both male and female genitalia), and other bony fish switch genders over time. Some, like the seahorse, are oviparous, meaning the eggs are fertilized in the parent who feeds them from a yolk sac. Among seahorses, the male carries the offspring until they are born.   Evolutionary History The first fish-like creatures appeared over 500 million years ago. Bony fish and cartilaginous fish diverged into separate classes about 420 million years ago. Cartilaginous species are sometimes seen as more primitive, and for good reason. The evolutionary appearance of bony fish eventually led to land-dwelling vertebrates with bony skeletons. And the gill structure of bony fish gill was a feature that would eventually evolve into air-breathing lungs. Bony fishes are therefore a more direct ancestor to humans.   Conservation Status Most bony fish species are classed as Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), but there numerous species that are Vulnerable, Near Threatened, or Critically Threatened, such as Metriaclima koningsi of Africa. Sources Bony and Ray-Finned Fishes. Endangered Species International, 2011.  Class Osteichthyes. The Biology Classroom of Mr. Pletsch. University of British Columbia, February 2, 2017.Hastings, Philip A., Harold Jack Walker, and Grantly R. Galland. Fishes: A Guide to Their Diversity. Berkeley, University of California Press, 2014.Konings, A. Metriaclima . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T124556154A124556170, 2018.  koningsiMartin, R.Adam. Fathoming Geologic Time. ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research.Plessner, Stephanie. Fish Groups. Florida Museum of Natural History: Ichthyology.

Journal Review - Incoherence of the moral ought, an analysis of a paper by Elizabeth Anscombe entitled, Modern Moral Philosophy.

Journal Review - Incoherence of the moral ought, an analysis of a paper by Elizabeth Anscombe entitled, Modern Moral Philosophy. The Incoherence of the Moral 'Ought,' a journal article by Duncan Richter, is an analysis of a paper by Elizabeth Anscombe entitled, 'Modern Moral Philosophy.' In this analysis, Mr. Richter is only concerned about Anscombe's second thesis, which states as follows:The concepts of moral obligation and moral duty (what is morally right and morally wrong, and the moral sense of 'ought,' ought to be jettisoned if this is psychologically possible; because they are survivals, or derivatives from survivals, from an earlier conception of ethics which no longer generally survives and are only harmful without it.According to this thesis, Mr. Richter builds his thesis into five parts. Part one summarizes Elizabeth Anscombe's research according to her second thesis. Anscombe's objection is to limit the use of such words as 'ought,' 'should,' 'needs' and 'most.' She asserts that there are two uses for such words, being either ordinary or objectionable.Richter; Miss Lagler, German Avt. (LOC)In the ordinary sense of the specific case, 'ought,' the word is indispensable. The meaning of this sense of the word is that if one 'ought' to do something, then without doing so, such a result will minimize happiness for a certain person. Conversely, the objectionable sense of the word is the 'moral sense' in which 'a verdict is implied on the notion in question without support of a conceptual framework to make the notion of such a verdict coherent.' In other words, this seems to infer that implications to legality of any sort, whether it be the government or divine law, are objectionable to Anscombe and therefore should be eradicated from our terminology.In parts two and three, Mr. Richter presents criticisms of the thesis based on Kurt Baier and Peter Winch, respectively. Kurt Baier seems to be less interesting on Mr. Richter's list of priority to...